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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Error management theory ： ウィキペディア英語版 Error management theory Error Management (EM) is an extensive theory of perception and cognitive biases that was created by David Buss and Martie Haselton. The cognitive biases refer to biases and heuristics that have survived evolutionary history because they at the least held slight reproductive benefits. The premise of the theory is built around the drive to reduce or manage costly reproductive errors. According to the theory, when there are differences in the cost of errors made under conditions of uncertainty, selection favors “adaptive biases”; these adaptive biases ensure that the less costly survival or reproductive error will be committed. The theory itself is still in its early stages of development, although similar ideas have been touched on since the beginning of evolutionary psychology. The authors are currently "testing and refining" the theory. Error Management Theory asserts that evolved mind-reading agencies will be biased to produce more of one type of inferential error than another. These mind-reading biases have been further researched in terms of the mating world. Error management theory provides a clear explanation for the discovery that men seem to infer that women are sexually interested in them just because they smile at the men or touch them. ==Type Errors== In the decision making process, when faced with uncertainty, a subject can make two possible errors: type I or type II. A type I error is a false-positive or in layman's terms, playing it safe. A fire alarm that later turns out to be a false alarm is a type I error. A type II error is a false-negative, or the siding with skepticism. Ignoring the fire alarm because it is often wrong, but it later turning out to be accurate is a type II error.〔Haselton, M. G., & Buss, David. (2000) (Error Management Theory: A New Perspective on Biases in Cross-Sex Mind Reading ) Accessed November 13, 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Error management theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.